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Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational
British Medical Journal
December 2003, Volume 32, pp. 1459–61
Gordon C S Smith, Jill P Pell
FROM ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine whether parachutes are effective in preventing major
trauma related to gravitational challenge.
Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Data sources: Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library
databases; appropriate internet sites and citation lists.
Study selection: Studies showing the effects of using a parachute during free fall.
Main outcome measure: Death or major trauma, defined as an injury severity score
> 15.
Results: We were unable to identify any randomised controlled trials of parachute
intervention.
Conclusions: As with many interventions intended to prevent ill health, the
effectiveness of parachutes has not been subjected to rigorous evaluation by using
randomised controlled trials.
Advocates of evidence-based medicine have criticised the adoption of interventions
evaluated by using only observational data. We think that everyone might benefit if
the most radical protagonists of evidence based medicine organised and
participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover trial of the
parachute.
THESE AUTHORS ALSO NOTE:
The parachute is used to reduce the risk of orthopaedic, head, and soft tissue
injury after gravitational challenge, typically in the context of jumping from an
aircraft.
“The perception that parachutes are a successful intervention is based largely
on anecdotal evidence.”
2
These authors undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
of parachutes. They excluded studies that had no control group. The major
outcomes studied were death or major trauma. “Our search strategy did not find
any randomised controlled trials of the parachute.”
“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a medical intervention justified by
observational data must be in want of verification through a randomised controlled
trial.”
“Parachutes reduce the risk of injury after gravitational challenge, but their
effectiveness has not been proved with randomised controlled trials.”
We accept that common sense might be applied when considering the
potential risks and benefits of interventions.
“We feel assured that those who advocate evidence based medicine and
criticise use of interventions that lack an evidence base will not hesitate to
demonstrate their commitment by volunteering for a double blind, randomised,
placebo controlled, crossover trial.”
COMMENTS FROM DAN MURPHY
Every now and then I am asked if an opinion I express has been supported by
a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. The point of this
satirical article is that not everything can or needs be investigated with the holy
grail of assessment protocols. Sometimes, common sense must be used. It is
obvious that there are no double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials
of the effectiveness of parachutes.
Chiropractors and others often base their clinical protocols on anecdotal
evidence. As these authors note, “The perception that parachutes are a successful
intervention is based largely on anecdotal evidence.”
What Is Chiropractic And How Can It Help Me?
Chiropractic is the science, art, and philosophy that concerns itself with the restoration of good health by maintaining a properly functioning nervous system without the use of drugs or surgery. Chiropractic is based on the scientific fact that your body is a self-regulating, self-healing organism. These important functions are controlled by the brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of the body. The skull protects the delicate tissues of the brain. The moving bones of the spine protect the vulnerable communication pathways of the spinal cord and nerve roots. If the nervous system is impaired, it can cause malfunction of the tissues and organs throughout the body. Doctors of Chiropractic call this the Vertebral Subluxation Complex. The Chiropractic adjustment has been proven to increase motion, increase circulation, reduce swelling and pain, and remove nervous irritation. Once this nervous irritation is removed your body is able to do what it is designed to do – heal itself.
Chiropractors help in restoring nervous system function. Many chiropractors also focus on the biomechanics of the body, such as joint motion. Helping to restore proper spinal biomechanics and improved nervous system function begins with a case history. Your case history is vital, as it reveals the background about your health, such as surgeries, accidents, the onset of your condition, and other details, which brought you into the office. After reviewing your history and discussing your specific problem, a thorough chiropractic examination is performed. Then, once the examination is complete, your chiropractor will explain the findings and outline a treatment plan. Progress is then monitored with periodic examination and follow-up reports.
First Blog Entry
Yes, it is true. I am starting a blog. Here you will find useful information about health and how to build it. May take me a while to figure things out (-: